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Learning Hub/Primary 3/Multiplication and Division

Primary 3 Multiplication and Division

Use the 2 to 9 times tables, multiply and divide larger numbers by one digit, and explain what a remainder means.

Keywords

Product
The answer to a multiplication.
Division
Sharing or grouping a total equally.
Dividend
The total number being divided.
Divisor
The number we divide by.
Quotient
The whole-number answer to a division.
Remainder
The amount left after making complete equal groups.

Introducing division

Division shares a total into equal groups. In 25 ÷ 4 = 6 R 1, 25 is the dividend, 4 is the divisor, 6 is the quotient, and 1 is the remainder. Tap each part to see its job.

25 shared into 4 equal groups

25 is the total being divided.

See worked example

19 counters are shared into 3 equal groups. How many are in each group, and how many are left over?

  1. Start with the dividend: 19 counters.
  2. Divide by 3, the divisor, to make 3 equal groups.
  3. Each group has 6 counters. The quotient is 6, with 1 counter left over as the remainder.

Answer: 19 ÷ 3 = 6 R 1.

Try together

In 29 ÷ 7 = 4 R 1, name the dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder.

Reveal the answer

Dividend: 29. Divisor: 7. Quotient: 4. Remainder: 1.

Division with a remainder

A remainder is what is left after making complete equal groups. Write it in the equation and check that it is smaller than the divisor. In a story, decide what must happen to the leftover.

17 ÷ 5 = 3 R 2

3 groups of 5 use 15. The 2 left over cannot make another group of 5.

Check: 3 × 5 + 2 = 17. The remainder 2 is smaller than the divisor 5.

See worked example

53 children go on a trip. Each bus holds 10 children. How many buses are needed?

  1. 53 ÷ 10 = 5 R 3. Five full buses carry 50 children, with 3 left over.
  2. The 3 children still need seats, so one more bus is needed.
  3. Check the division: 5 × 10 + 3 = 53.

Answer: 6 buses are needed.

Try together

38 cupcakes are packed 6 to a box. How many full boxes can be packed, and how many cupcakes remain?

Reveal the answer

38 ÷ 6 = 6 R 2: 6 full boxes, with 2 cupcakes left over. Check: 6 × 6 + 2 = 38.

Multiply 2- and 3-digit numbers by 1 digit

Multiply from the ones place. If a product has two digits, write its ones digit and regroup the tens into the next place. Use the choices below to compare 2-digit and 3-digit working.

236 × 4 = ?

HundredsTensOnes
Regroup
236
×4
Answer
Step 0 of 3

Start at the ones place.

See worked example

Work out 236 × 4.

  1. Ones: 6 × 4 = 24. Write 4 and regroup 2 tens.
  2. Tens: 3 × 4 + 2 = 14. Write 4 tens and regroup 1 hundred.
  3. Hundreds: 2 × 4 + 1 = 9 hundreds.

Answer: 236 × 4 = 944.

Try together

Work out 58 × 7.

Reveal the answer

58 × 7 = 406. Ones: 8 × 7 = 56; write 6, regroup 5 tens. Tens: 5 × 7 + 5 = 40 tens.

Divide 2- and 3-digit numbers by 1 digit

In long division, divide each place from left to right. Write the quotient digit above, multiply and subtract, then bring down the next digit. The working below reveals one place at a time.

864 ÷ 4 = ?

Step 0 of 8

Start at the largest place.

See worked example

Work out 864 ÷ 4 using long division.

  1. Hundreds: 8 ÷ 4 = 2. Write 2 above the 8; 2 × 4 = 8, so subtract 8 − 8 = 0.
  2. Bring down 6 tens. 6 ÷ 4 = 1. Write 1; subtract 6 − 4 = 2 tens.
  3. Exchange 2 tens for 20 ones and bring down 4 ones to make 24. Then 24 ÷ 4 = 6; subtract 24 − 24 = 0.
  4. Check: 216 × 4 = 864.

Answer: 864 ÷ 4 = 216.

Try together

Work out 78 ÷ 3 using long division, then check by multiplication.

Reveal the answer

78 ÷ 3 = 26. Check: 26 × 3 = 78.

2 to 9 times table printout

Practise each table from ×1 to ×12. Say a fact aloud, then check it with the matching division fact. Use the sheet below for a quick review or print it for practice.

2 to 9 times table printout

2 times table

  1. 2 × 1 = 2
  2. 2 × 2 = 4
  3. 2 × 3 = 6
  4. 2 × 4 = 8
  5. 2 × 5 = 10
  6. 2 × 6 = 12
  7. 2 × 7 = 14
  8. 2 × 8 = 16
  9. 2 × 9 = 18
  10. 2 × 10 = 20
  11. 2 × 11 = 22
  12. 2 × 12 = 24

3 times table

  1. 3 × 1 = 3
  2. 3 × 2 = 6
  3. 3 × 3 = 9
  4. 3 × 4 = 12
  5. 3 × 5 = 15
  6. 3 × 6 = 18
  7. 3 × 7 = 21
  8. 3 × 8 = 24
  9. 3 × 9 = 27
  10. 3 × 10 = 30
  11. 3 × 11 = 33
  12. 3 × 12 = 36

4 times table

  1. 4 × 1 = 4
  2. 4 × 2 = 8
  3. 4 × 3 = 12
  4. 4 × 4 = 16
  5. 4 × 5 = 20
  6. 4 × 6 = 24
  7. 4 × 7 = 28
  8. 4 × 8 = 32
  9. 4 × 9 = 36
  10. 4 × 10 = 40
  11. 4 × 11 = 44
  12. 4 × 12 = 48

5 times table

  1. 5 × 1 = 5
  2. 5 × 2 = 10
  3. 5 × 3 = 15
  4. 5 × 4 = 20
  5. 5 × 5 = 25
  6. 5 × 6 = 30
  7. 5 × 7 = 35
  8. 5 × 8 = 40
  9. 5 × 9 = 45
  10. 5 × 10 = 50
  11. 5 × 11 = 55
  12. 5 × 12 = 60

6 times table

  1. 6 × 1 = 6
  2. 6 × 2 = 12
  3. 6 × 3 = 18
  4. 6 × 4 = 24
  5. 6 × 5 = 30
  6. 6 × 6 = 36
  7. 6 × 7 = 42
  8. 6 × 8 = 48
  9. 6 × 9 = 54
  10. 6 × 10 = 60
  11. 6 × 11 = 66
  12. 6 × 12 = 72

7 times table

  1. 7 × 1 = 7
  2. 7 × 2 = 14
  3. 7 × 3 = 21
  4. 7 × 4 = 28
  5. 7 × 5 = 35
  6. 7 × 6 = 42
  7. 7 × 7 = 49
  8. 7 × 8 = 56
  9. 7 × 9 = 63
  10. 7 × 10 = 70
  11. 7 × 11 = 77
  12. 7 × 12 = 84

8 times table

  1. 8 × 1 = 8
  2. 8 × 2 = 16
  3. 8 × 3 = 24
  4. 8 × 4 = 32
  5. 8 × 5 = 40
  6. 8 × 6 = 48
  7. 8 × 7 = 56
  8. 8 × 8 = 64
  9. 8 × 9 = 72
  10. 8 × 10 = 80
  11. 8 × 11 = 88
  12. 8 × 12 = 96

9 times table

  1. 9 × 1 = 9
  2. 9 × 2 = 18
  3. 9 × 3 = 27
  4. 9 × 4 = 36
  5. 9 × 5 = 45
  6. 9 × 6 = 54
  7. 9 × 7 = 63
  8. 9 × 8 = 72
  9. 9 × 9 = 81
  10. 9 × 10 = 90
  11. 9 × 11 = 99
  12. 9 × 12 = 108
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